Abstract
The rapid digitalization of healthcare services has transformed the management and storage of medical information across hospitals, clinics, diagnostic centers, and insurance systems. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have become a fundamental component of modern healthcare infrastructure because they improve accessibility, reduce paperwork, and enhance coordination among healthcare providers. However, the increasing dependence on centralized digital systems has introduced major concerns related to data security, privacy, unauthorized access, and medical record tampering. Cyberattacks targeting healthcare databases have increased significantly in recent years, exposing sensitive patient information and affecting healthcare reliability. Traditional healthcare database systems are primarily centralized in architecture, making them vulnerable to single-point failures, insider attacks, and unauthorized data manipulation. Additionally, interoperability among healthcare institutions remains limited because many organizations use isolated record management platforms. Patients often have limited control over how their medical data is shared and utilized across different healthcare providers. Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution for addressing these challenges due to its decentralized, immutable, and transparent characteristics. Blockchain-based systems can provide secure data sharing mechanisms while maintaining integrity and traceability of healthcare records. By integrating cryptographic validation with distributed ledger technology, healthcare systems can achieve improved security, transparency, and patient-centric data management. This paper presents a blockchain-based secure electronic health record management framework designed to improve healthcare data protection and interoperability. The proposed system combines blockchain architecture, smart contracts, encryption algorithms, and role-based access mechanisms to ensure secure storage and controlled sharing of medical records. Experimental analysis demonstrates improved data integrity, reduced unauthorized access risks, and enhanced trust among healthcare stakeholders. The proposed framework contributes toward the development of reliable digital healthcare ecosystems suitable for smart hospitals and future healthcare infrastructures.