Limestone Calcined Clay Cement for Low-Carbon Coastal Concrete: A Simulated Strength, Chloride Resistance, and Carbon Assessment

This article presents a clearly labeled simulated empirical study spanning Civil Engineering. A simulated concrete program compared ordinary Portland cement, 30% limestone-calcined-clay substitution, and an optimized LC3 blend under coastal exposure conditions. Water-to-binder ratio, 28- and 90-day compressive strength, electrical resistivity, chloride migration, sorptivity, carbonation depth, and embodied-carbon index were modeled. No real specimens or field structures were tested. The optimized LC3 mixture reduced the simulated embodied-carbon index by 31% relative to the Portland-cement control while achieving a 90-day compressive strength 6.4% higher than the control. Chloride migration fell substantially, although accelerated carbonation depth increased slightly under the highest clinker-reduction scenario. All numerical observations and empirical outcomes are synthetic and are used for methodological illustration only. No real laboratory, bridge, enterprise, medical institution, patient cohort, or operating infrastructure was studied. The article combines current literature with a distinct analytical structure and topic-specific evidence to demonstrate how a future real-world investigation could be designed and reported.