Abstract
The lightning pace of the progress in quantum computing has far-reaching ramifications in cryptography and most common cryptographic operations, guaranteeing confidentiality, verifiability, integrity, are susceptible. Shor breaks such protocols in polynomial time. Like in the case of the public key systems, symmetric systems fall under the attack of a Grover algorithm that halves its practical key size.
This paper views two sides of the two-fold impact of quantum computers on cryptography: they are disruptive to the classical cryptosystems, and could be enabling to the quantum-resistant ones. Prefix-new post-quantum cryptosystems, which include the lattice-based, hash-based, and multivariate Although security achieved using quantum based technologies is conceptually un-hackable, various practical concerns are still to be met including how its mass production can be scaled, cost/infrastructure. The review highlights on the imminent necessity of the future-leaning study, standardization, and global collaboration to maintain digital communication within the quantum era, ensuring a safe transition between the classical and the post-quantum cryptosystems.